The Flea by John Donne and Porthyrias Lover by Robert Browning Essay Example For Students

The Flea by John Donne and Porthyrias Lover by Robert Browning Essay The two poems I am studying are The Flea by John Donne and Porthyrias Lover by Robert Browning. The authors of both these poems approach the theme of love in very individual and original ways. I am going to examine both. The poem Porthyrias Lover is about a woman called Porthyria who is strangled to death by her lover. The man telling the story seems to want to keep Porthyria by his side forever. He has very obsessive love for her. He is possessive and jealous and his deadly mind games bring nothing but heartache for Porthyria. He wants their love to last forever and plans on doing this no matter what it takes. We will write a custom essay on The Flea by John Donne and Porthyrias Lover by Robert Browning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Porthyrias Lover totally adores her. On her arrival she made all the cottage warm. When she entered the room she shut out the cold and nothing else mattered to him. Although its seems like he was been waiting for her he is very unresponsive as she called him and no voice replied. As much as her seems to adore her he describes her gloves as soiled, maybe saying that in his eyes she is not quite as innocent as she makes out to be. He has very complex feeling for Porthyria and there is a weird balance of power between the two of them. An example of this is around line 15. When he doesnt reply she is the one that puts his arm around her waist. He doesnt want to do it himself and is a bit distant. Maybe this is because he has found out something bad and cant bear to touch her at that time. He might be cautious or angry. Robert Browning gives the impression that something or someone is coming between them. The reader is given this idea when Porthyrias Lover is talking bout another who is love sick just as he is, the big difference being that the other persons love is all in vain. They are wasting their time because she is his and not theirs. This brings about the question is Porthyrias Lover about the man who murders or could it be about another lover the person that is keeping Porthyria away him. Finding out that Porthyria is his is something that takes him by surprise. At last he knew Porthyria worshipped him and he finally had her to himself. Porthyria is finally his and he wanted that moment to last forever, this being his motive for murder. At that moment Porthyrias soiled past had been forgotten and at last she seemed perfectly pure and good. We are given the impression that Porthyria has strayed before so maybe the lover thinks the only way to make her his forever is to kill her. He can only be sure she is his alone if she is dead. The lover makes killing Porthyria sound so shockingly simple and as if it was just something he had to do. The lead to the strangling is so matter of fact that it makes it seem the lover knew what he was doing. Everything was sorted in his head and he was in no doubt of what he had to do. The mine, mine made me think that he was going a bit crazy and that it was only a matter of time before he panicked and did something irrational. As soon as he had strangled her he started making excuses. It seemed as if he was trying to convince the reader as well as himself that his actions were justified as he repeats that he believes she felt no pain. He is in denial and feels he has to say things more than once to believe them. Afterwards he seems weary and checks to see if she is still there. I think that the simile as a shut bud holds a bee is saying that although Porthyria looked sweet and innocent on the outside there was something within her that was nasty. By killing her the evil inside could never be let out again. Now she is dead the lover is finally in control as he propped her head up and kissed her cheek. This is a weird reversal as at the beginning of them poem Porthyria was the one who put his arm around her. He finally has the power. .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575 , .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575 .postImageUrl , .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575 , .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575:hover , .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575:visited , .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575:active { border:0!important; } .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575:active , .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575 .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d3c9336a1fc1b3066fb28f8d5742575:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Robert Browning convey the feelings of narrator for the woman in each of the two poems 'Porphyria's Lover and 'My Last Duchess' EssayPorthyria is no longer described as she towards the end of the poem. Her love for her lover for her lover is not her love anymore it has now changed to its love. The lover has finally got what he wanted, Porthyria as his possession. When Porthyria first enters the room she is described as gliding in which makes her seem graceful and elegant, a respectable woman. Although she seems like the typical perfect woman with her long yellow hair and smooth white shoulders she is also described as soiled which makes her seem dirty and impure. Maybe she is cheating on him or maybe on someone else were not told. The reader is not told why Porthyria is there or what prompted her visit but it seems like they were meeting in secret. The descriptions of the warm cottage, the blazing fire and the elm tops being blown about in the wind give the impression of a private secluded haven. In lines 22-25 it also gives the impression of there being another person who Porthyria does not want to leave because of pride. Someone who she doesnt really love and is just with because of materialistic objects. She loves him in vain. It also seems that they only met up occasionally, as passion would on prevail sometimes. Maybe she is scared to commit to her lover and let her struggling passion free. The poem is set out in a long organised continuous list. Maybe this is to show how the lovers brain is working. All this thoughts are sorted in his head and he is in a very rational state of mind. It is no surprise to himself he is going to kill Porthyria, maybe subconsciously he always knew. Throughout the poem there are rhyming couplets. Using these gives more emphasis at crucial points. Words are also out to the beginning or end of a line to also add more emphasis. Sentences are broken up to be left on their own. And strangled her is an example of this as is surprise. This puts more emphasis on it and gives the reader the impression that he was maybe doubting Porthyrias commitment. The repetition of mine makes the reader that Porthyrias lover is not sure if she is really his. He is trying to convince himself. It is written in the first person narrative, which makes the poem seem more meaningful. An interesting point is that is that the word he is never mention once yet the reader assumes the lover is a man. The word she is used a lot in the poem and maybe this is to show the lovers unhealthy obsession with Porthyria that contributes to her murder. I think that the ending is effective. The lover has finally solved his problem. He feels that he has done nothing wrong. They are finally together Porthyria has been dead all night and no one has found her so he thinks that he had done nothing wrong because if he had God would have punished him and someone would know by then. The lover says, we have not stirred he didnt say Porthyria had not stirred and I think this is because at last he feels himself and Porthyria are one. The second poem I studied was The Flea by John Donne. In this poem the poet is trying to seduce his mistress and convince her to sleep with him. There is a flirtatious love displayed within it. It is a very unconventional love poem. John Donne has made it very playful and witty which makes it seem as though he is trying to amuse himself and his mistress. It is just meant to be a fun poem. The poet chooses to use a flea as the metaphor of their love. The mistress is reluctant at loosing her maidenhood so he belittles her fears by comparing their love to a flea. He does this in three different arguments. The first stanza opens with a dramatic voice talking. He says that loosing her virginity is no big deal just like the flea. The flea has already suckd them both and mingled their bloods. They are already united within the flea so in a way it is like it has already happened. Then in the last three lines of the first stanza the poet tells is mistress that he regrets that the flea has done more than they will ever do, and it didnt have to woo her before doing it like he had. .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18 , .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18 .postImageUrl , .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18 , .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18:hover , .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18:visited , .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18:active { border:0!important; } .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18:active , .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18 .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u89f365498c0fd5c8515f5e895cf71d18:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why this is hell nor are we out of it? EssayIn his next argument he tells his mistress that they are more than married within the flea. He may have leaped up as he said Oh stay because she was about to kill the flea. If she killed the living walls of jet, meaning the flea, then she would also be killing him. He wanted her to spare it and the parts of them that are united inside it too. He is not talking about marriage but sex. He is trying to hurry her along to after the marriage with talk of the marriage bed. It is described as the marriage temple to make it seem more sophisticated. The flea finds itself elevated to a temple. Their love is enshrined in it. The poet then says that the flea is sacrilegious and that killing it would be a crime against god. She would also not just be killing the flea but herself and him as well. He wants to make her laugh and relax. The poet becomes very melodramatic and full of mock horror when his mistress finally squashes the flea. It seems to become dramatic as the stanza starts cruel and sudden. He tells her the only thing the flea was guilty of was biting her, its not important that it had bitten him. He acts as if it annoyed him because he resects her. He is using mock flattery. His last argument is that she has killed the flea, which is just like using her virginity, and it wasnt so bad. Neither of them are any worse off than before. She was worrying about nothing. He talks of her honour and how they shouldnt care what other people think. They flea died for them so they shouldnt waste any time. She should just yielst to him, just give in. Their parents grudge but they have come so far so why not just do it. There is a speaking voice throughout the poem, which makes it conversational. Lines are broken up mid sentence which help show the feelings and emphasise certain bits. The lines are not end stopped either which makes the reader read it faster. The poet can tell his mistress is not impressed so he then starts to babble. The poem picks up as he tries to convince her. There are rhyming pairs throughout until the last three lines of each stanza. These three lines conclude each argument before moving on to the next. Its becomes slower and more serious as dense reasoning is used to try and convince the mistress. Each of the three stanzas starts a new argument. The argument balances as if on scales as it goes back and forth. There is alot of me and thee used. When one is mentioned the other is too, maybe to show they are as one. Lofty language is used to describe such a lowly subject. The poet is trying to elevate it to make it seem more important like their love is. The poem also seems a bit too clever making the mistress and the reader doubt there is any warmth in it or if he really only wants sex. Lighthearted ideas are used to amuse. The Flea is an unconventional love poem that is very well thought out. Most love poems are about flowers and sunshine and this poem is about a flea, which is an original yet unusual idea. In both poems the poet is trying to convince someone that what the want or what they have done is right. In Porthyrias Lover he is trying to convince the reader, and himself, that killing Porthyria was the right thing to do where as in The Flea the poet is trying to convince his mistress to loose her maidenhood. Porthyria and the mistress are both made out to be respectable women. They dont want to do anything to harm their honour. For the mistress it means not loosing her virginity when she is not married and for Porthyria its not carrying on with two lovers as the poet suggests. There is a big contrast between the two poems. Although they are both love poems they are very different. In Porthyrias Lover the poet seems to really lover Porthyria but in the flea it seems as if the poet just wants to get his mistress in to bed.

Poulantzas’ Approach To The Capitalist State The WritePass Journal

Poulantzas’ Approach To The Capitalist State Abstract Poulantzas’ Approach To The Capitalist State ). He is also most famous for his Althusseran account of the States relative autonomy. The greatest appeal of his state theory can be seen in Britain as evident with the New Left Review which has enthusiastically taken up his cause (Clarke 1991). Although Nicos Poulantzas has on many occasions been referenced by the organized left, especially in relation to the state debate with Ralph Miliband and his support for Structural Marxism; it should be noted that neither of these contexts gives an accurate representation of this dynamic thinker (Walsh 2012). For example, the Miliband debate provides only a small reflection of Poulantzas’ theory of capitalist state. Despite being a renowned Marxist political sociologist, little is known about his theory of the state. Often, he is labeled as a class-struggle reductionist or structuralist; expressions that both fail to capture his complex theory of the state (Tabak 1999). While his theory is seldom discussed in certain areas of the academic circles; it is important to note that he is amongst the most important post-war theorists especially to those that seek to advance Marxist state theories beyond crude instrumentalism and subjectivism (Walsh 2012). For this reason, this paper provides a more rounded portrayal of Poulantzas’s theory of the capitalist state. In particular, the paper analyzes the nature of the capitalist state from Poulantzas’ perspective and explores how his pathbreaking analysis provides important insights to understanding the behaviour of the state and the states structure. Additionally, the paper examines the political implications of his view. The power bloc In order to get a clear perspective of Poulantzas’s state theory, it is important to first examine the power bloc. It is a widely accepted fact that for every society, there is an array of classes that form the dominant and dominated classes. In this respect, Poulantzas noted that the economically dominant class could only establish political dominance in the society through the capitalist state (Walsh 2012). He called this group of dominant class the power bloc which comprises of the capitalist class and the economically powerful classes. The interests of the power bloc are heteros and the make-up and balance of forces in the power bloc vary from state to state (Walsh 2012). Undeniably, for every society, there will always be contradictory and competing interests especially among the different ruling classes. Given the divergent interests of the power bloc, it becomes the states primary role to ensure that such conflicting interests within the power bloc do not undermine the dominance of the bloc as a whole nor pose threat to unity. It thus becomes the role of the state to unify and organize the various classes and to uphold their political interests without posing threat to unity. It follows that the class differences within the power bloc should not hinder the states task of maintaining unity and the subordinance of the subaltern classes. Poulantzas, in this respect, views the state as playing an active role in the reproduction of relations and maintenance of class-hierarchical status quo (Kalyvas 1999). Globalization and the State The current literature available on globalization takes a more liberal view of the State, the view that the State is a territorial institution with centralized control over its territories (Tabak 1999). According to the liberal view, the state is treated as an entity with its own unique power. Thus the power of the state becomes discharged when multinationals exit its territory (Tabak 1999).   Others, sharing a similar view, argue that when multinationals exit the state’s territory, the state may not necessarily become powerless as not enough capital has escaped the territorial states domain to make it obsolete (Lenin 2012).   This paper, however, challenges this view from Poulantzas’s perspective of the state. The paper argues that these approaches fail to identify the source of the State’s autonomy. Poulantzas’s state theory In the state theory, Poulantzas seems less concerned to disprove liberal democratic theory but rather criticizes the communist orthodox of state monopoly capitalism (Kalyvas 1999). Against this notion that the state is a pliant tool of monopoly capital, Poulantzas rejects the liberal pluralistic-functionalist approaches and draws the attention of mainstream political science to his complex social theory (Kalyvas 1999). According to Nicos Poulantzas, the power of the state is not confined in a more or less rational actor/institution and its nature is independent of its territoriality (Kalyvas 1999). The states institutionalism is a reflection of the contradictory social relations and the state draws its power from these (Kalyvas 1999). The state’s existence is thus driven by contradictory social relations and can be viewed as an institutionalized power relationship that transcends the national territory and the territorial nation; both of which are not essential for its existence. Poulantzas state theory reaffirms the view that the political realm is independent and is not, as articulated in classical Marxism, a reflection of the economic realm. He thinks of the states autonomy as central in all circumstances and independent of its territory. According to Poulantzas, the state is by definition a capitalist state, which constitutes the political unity of the dominant classes, thereby establishing them as dominant (Poulantzas 2000:   p.77 ). He rejects the so-called instrumentalist perspective articulated by Miliband on grounds that the states autonomy is independent of the ruling class and argues that the state is not a mere instrument of the ruling or dominant class, but is instead a separate entity with its own agenda. This state theory developed by Poulantzas has its roots in his political theory which proposes a regional approach to understanding and analyzing the different levels in a social formation: political, economic and ideological levels (Poulantzas 2000). His early work was, however, subject to criticism on the grounds that it was severely functionalist, failing to show exactly how the state fulfils its role as the factor of cohesion (Rooksby 2012). Critics also argued that Poulantzas’s approach presented the political and economic regions as distinct rather than simply analytically (Rooksby 2012). Criticism was also raised on grounds that his emphasis on determining the role of structural matrix in the capitalist society could not possibly be combined with the idea of contingent class struggle (Rooksby 2012). Poulantzas later work, state, power, socialism, is far more superior to his early work and represents a major advance in his thinking. In this final work, this Greek Marxist sociologist rejects the Althusseran underpinnings thereby overcoming many of the criticism raised with his early work. The starting point of the analysis of the capitalist state shifts from the assumption of a determinant structural matrix to one that examines the nature of relations of production in the capitalist mode of production (Rooksby 2012). With a shift in focus, Poulantzas was able to develop a more improved theory of the state. In this final piece, he provides a brilliant analysis of capitalism by conceptualizing a state that materializes and concentrates power and one that provides political space for class struggle (Poulantzas 2000). His analysis identifies the state as both the crystallization and locus of class struggle. On one side,  Ã‚   there is a class struggle over the organization of production, knowledge and over state’s juridical apparatuses (Poulantzas 2000). It thus becomes the states role to reintegrate and unify separated and individualized workers into one nation. On the other side, this integration takes place in the context of class struggle and the state and other institutions are a product of such struggle (Poulantzas 2000). His theory of the state is in response to the simplistic understandings within Marxism which posited that the state was a mere reflection of the dominant class and that state policy was a direct expression of this ruling class political will (Clarke 1991). In the Marxist scheme, the dominant class is one that owns or controls the means of production; and one in which its interests the state corresponds (Clarke 1991). That means that the dominant class may use the state power as an instrument to achieve its dominance in the society. Poulantzas disagreed with the Instrumentalist Marxist view and instead argued that the capitalist class was more focused on individual profit rather than maintaining classs power as a whole (Poulantzas 2000). Against the instrumentalist approach, Poulantzas argues that the state is more of a material condensation of the relationship among the various classes and that intrinsic class struggle of the capitalist system is hardwired into the states mainframe, thus the states actions and policy cannot be solely dictated by the ruling class (Poulantzas 2000). Owing a considerable debt to the notion of ‘cultural hegemony’ articulated by Antonio Gramsci; Poulantzas also argues that the repressing movements of the oppressed are by no means the states sole function (Salomon 2012). He argues that instead the state power obtains consent of the oppressed through class alliances, wherein the ruling class creates an alliance with the oppressed groups in order to obtain their consent. According to Poulantzas, the state is neither an instrumentalist depository of the ruling class-power nor a subject with its own abstract power; but is rather the centre of the exercise of power. Implications of this view Drawing from the above, it can be argued that the theory of the capitalist state comprise of three dialectical moments which, besides being autonomous, are also co-determinants of each other: the state as an institution, state as a function and state as a relation (Tabak 1999). The state is an institution in the sense of its embodiment in its personnel and apparatuses. As articulated by Poulantzas, the state is a centralized apparatus that comprise of an assemblage of impersonal and anonymous functions (Tabak 1999). While Members within institution-state may come from different classes, they follow a specific internal unity. The state can also be viewed as a function, with political, economic and ideological functionality (Tabak 1999). When the three categories are combined, the state performs an objective function, maintaining social cohesion in order to ensure continuing accumulation of capital.   There are many facets to this function of cohesion: first, the state serves as a function by creating what is referred to by Poulantzas as a â€Å"people-nation (Tabak 1999). Second, it serves as a function by playing a constitutive role in the reproduction of class powers (Tabak 1999). Given the above, it can be seen that the states functionality makes possible its institutionality. On the other hand, its institutionality is circumscribed by and casually embedded in its functionality (Tabak 1999). This coexistence is constantly reproduced by social relations, bringing us to the third moment, state as a relation. By state as a relation, Poulantzas implies that the state is a condensate of a relation of power between struggling classes (Tabak 1999). Conceiving the state as a relation, means grasping the fact that it is the resultant of contradictions and that it is destined reproduce class divisions. State’s autonomy These three moments define the nature of the state and the states relative autonomy. The three moments are also dialectically linked to two processes: first, the distinction between the political and the economic; relations of production-consumption-circulation and the state (capitalist mode of production) (Tabak 1999: p.139). Second, specificity of the constitution of classes and of class struggle in the capitalist mode of production (Tabak 1999: p.139) In capitalism, for example, the surplus mode of extraction requires a functionally autonomous state (Tabak 1999: p. 140). This is due to the fact that production and valorization of products in the market are two separate processes. While the control of production rests largely in the hands of the capitalist, product circulation and valorization in the global market is beyond the capitalists individual control. It thus requires the presence of an overarching force such as the state which will follow the overall logic of surplus creation and ensure surplus extraction (Tabak 1999). Criticism of Poulantzas state theory Several questions have, however, been raised with regard to Poulantzas approach and his emphasis on the states relative autonomy. Questions such as: how relative is relative? Under what circumstances can we consider it as more or less? More so, what form does the autonomy assume? These key questions have been raised in political discourse and Poulantzas approach critiqued as having not provided a satisfactory answer to them. Poulantzas approach has been critiqued as undermining his attempt to explain the nature of the relationship between the state and the dominant class. His approach is also seen as subverting the very concept of relative autonomy that it proposes. Poulantzas argues against structuralism stating that the states power is not located in the levels of structures but is instead an effect of ensemble of these levels (Miliband 1970). The concept of power is thus not applicable to one level of the structure. From this view, the state power does not in itself imply states articulation at other structural levels. It can only mean the power of determinate class whose interests are prioritized by the state (Miliband 1970). This, however, may not necessarily be true as it would imply depriving the state of its autonomy and turning it into a mere instrument of the determinate class. In line with this view, Poulantzas argues that the state possess its autonomy and structural specificity which cannot be easily reduced to an analysis in terms of power (Jessop 2009). This concession, however, does not seem to dissipate the confusion but rather serves to compound it. Failure by Poulantzas to differentiate between state power and class power is suggested to be the main reason for this confusion. While state power is considered ultimate, it is not the only means to maintaining and assuring class power. The lack of a clear distinction between class power and state power prevents his analysis from providing satisfactory answer to the above questions. By now, it is an acknowledged fact that Poulantzas tended to place a lot of emphasis on the differences and relations between class fractions in the capitalist state. While stressing this fact is important and needs to be comprehended in the analysis of the capitalist state; his emphasis on these differences and relations may obscure the underlying cohesion of these elements and critics may well use these differences to deny the fundamental cohesion of the capitalist class (Miliband 1970). Nonetheless, Poulantzas work has been particularly influential even though his legacy remains ambivalent. This is evident with his state theory, which has become a major contribution to the theoretical agenda on this topic, especially the so-called relative autonomy of the state. By creating space for a relatively autonomous Marxist political science and defining the nature of the capitalist state, the states structure and states autonomy; Poulantzas’s work has clearly been influential. Conclusion In essence, Poulantzas’s view of the state goes against instrumentalism which sees the state as solely depending on the dominant class or those that man its top structures. Rather, he sees the state from a functional view as fulfilling societys needs of which it is part. There is no doubt that Poulantzass state theory has been influential with his work often referenced by the organized left. He has made important contributions to the theoretical agenda on capitalist state by analyzing the nature of the capitalist state and providing important insights to the understanding of the state, its structure and its autonomy. Undeniably, Poulantzas has made important contributions to this theoretical debate. First, he made a major contribution to the capitalist state theory that goes beyond the conventional Marxist analyses. Second, he developed a broader approach to the state as a relation, viewing the state as the condensate of class relations. Additionally, his analysis of the current form of capitalist type of state can be seen with authoritarian statism which is far more evident today than before, especially in France and Germany. More recently, however, Poulantzas analysis seems to have been widely neglected. Over the past few years, much has changed with economic relations being transformed by globalization, compression of space and time, work reorganization and knowledge transmission which has been facilitated by information and communications revolution. There has been a shift of locus of relation away from the nation state which was fundamental to Poulantzass analysis.   Nonetheless, he remains one of the most important post-war theorists to advance Marxist state theories beyond crude instrumentalism and subjectivism. Reference Miliband, R., 1970. The Capitalist state: reply to Nicos Poulantzas. New Left Review Salomon, C., 2012. ‘The great transformation of the Poulantzasian modern capitalist state under Globalization’. Journal of Political Inquiry Kalyvas, A., 1999. ‘The stateless theory: Poulantzass challenge to postmodernism’. Journal of Hellenic Diaspora Tabak, 1999. ‘A poulantzasian approach to the state and globalization’. Journal of Hellenic Diaspora Carnoy, M. and M. Castells, 2002. ‘Globalization, the knowledge society, and the Network state: Poulantzas at the millennium’. Global Networks, vol. 1 (1) Jessop, B., 2009. Poulantzass state, power, socialism as a modern classic. [Viewed on 10th December 2012] available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-44782009000200010. Poulantzas, N., 2000. State, power, socialism. New edition. Verso Books Walsh, C., 2012. Nicos Poulantzas and the capitalist state. Scotland: International Socialist Group Lenin, 2012. Terrifyingly real: Poulantzas and the capitalist state. [viewed on 10th December 2012] available from leninology.com/2012/01/terrifyingly-real-poulantzas-and.html Rooksby, 2012. Towards a better theory of the capitalist state: combining blocks and poulantzas approaches. [Viewed on 10th december 2012] available from academia.edu/693189/Towards_a_Better_Theory_of_the_Capitalist_State_Combining_Blocks_and_Poulantzas_Approaches Clark, S., 1991. The State debate. Macmillan publishers.

ELECTROPHORESIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ELECTROPHORESIS - Essay Example These are size, voltage, supporting media and buffer (electrolyte). Smaller molecules travel faster than larger molecules while high voltages cause faster migration than lower voltages. However, there is a limit to the voltage that can be used as very high voltages cause the gel to melt and affect resolution. Various solid supports have varying pore sizes and sieving properties thereby affecting the rate of mobility. The lower the strength of the gel the bigger the pore size and vice versa. The buffer, which is a function of pH, also affects mobility and separation. Therefore, the success of the procedure depends on the correct choice of buffer. There are two main forms of electrophoresis namely moving boundary electrophoresis and zonal methods (Holme and Peck 1998, p. 133). The moving boundary method uses a U-tube that contains the analyte in the lower portion of the U while the arms contain the buffer. An electric potential is directed to the buffer and the movement of the boundary with time matches the velocity of migration of the analyte. The most common application of the moving-boundary electrophoresis is during the investigation of the physical traits of molecules as well as in large preparative processes. Conversely, zonal techniques involve the application of the analyte on a large area of supporting medium. They are named according to the supporting medium used and include the various types of gel electrophoresis (agarose gel, SDS-PAGE etc), capillary electrophoresis, affinity electrophoresis, and immunoelectrophoresis (Gault and McClenaghan 2008, p. 169). They are often employed in the separation of proteins cont ained in serum and urine, haemoglobin, isoenzymes, and nucleic acids. Electrophoretic equipment may vary in appearance, but all of them retain a common basic design that includes a tank, supporting media, an electrolyte compartment, electrodes, a stable supply of voltage, and safety gadgets. A cover is often included to minimize

The Controversy of college students use Ritalin and Adderal Research Paper

The Controversy of college students use Ritalin and Adderal - Research Paper Example The research establishes the risks of using Ritalin and Adderall illegally and recommends the establishment of strict laws to limit the illegal acquisition and use of prescription drugs in colleges. Thesis: The Ritalin and Adderall are the prescription drugs with the prescript. Even though it can help student focus on studying and get a good grade, it brings the risks of using that illegally. The policy maker should pass new stringent standards to limit getting those ADHD drugs in campus and prevent using those drugs illegally. In the recent past, the rate of using Ritalin and Adderall drugs within colleges has increased considerably causing a wide research about the possible effects of these drugs. Even though there are some high school students use the Ritalin and Adderall for their academic, the nonmedical use of those prescription stimulants is more rampant in college. According to the result of the research â€Å"Non-medical use of prescription stimulants among US college student†, 4.1% to 10.8% of college students were reported that using prescription stimulant nomadically during 2012. Although the drugs may be beneficial while used to improve the grades of learners within the learning environment, especially for students with the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), it is clear that these drugs can be abused within the public domain hence have negative consequences (Partridge, Bell, Lucke & Hall, 2013). The fact that these drugs are now available outside the health facilities makes it a big challenge to control their abuse within the public. The Ritalin and Adderall are prescription drugs with the prescript. Even though it can help student focus on studying to get a better grade, there is the risk of using the drugs illegally. Ritalin and Adderall are psycho-stimulant drugs that are commonly administered to people with the

Aerobic Capacity Lab Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Aerobic Capacity Lab Report - Essay Example acity is most commonly expressed relative to the body weight to account the difference in body size and to reflect a person’s ability to carry out weight bearing tasks. Aerobic capacity is an important component of physical fitness because it reflects the overall capacity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems1 and the ability to carry out prolonged strenuous exercise2.From a health perspective, good cardio respiratory fitness has been shown to reduce the risk (in adults) of hypertension, coronary heart disease, obesity, diabetes, some form of cancer, and other health problems3. There is a genetic component to aerobic capacity. Some people inherent characteristics that give them a naturally high level of aerobic capacity than other people. However, the genetic component in relatively small, accounting for less than 30% of the difference between people4. Thus aerobic capacity mostly reflects the level of habitual physical activity. In particular, aerobic capacity reflects the vigorous, sustained (aerobic) physical activity in which an individual engages. Aerobic capacity of the youth can be improved with sustained periods of high intensity exercise5. Although the exact dose of exercise needed has not been identified, three or more sessions per week in which moderately high-intensity exercise is sustained for 30 min or more are probably required. Any dynamic exercise involving large muscle groups is suitable, such as rigorous walking, jogging / running, cycling, swimming, and vigorous games. Improvements are proportioned to the amount of moderately high intensity exercise completed per week. Three students serve as subjects. They included 2 male and 1 female. They took a treadmill test for a specified duration. Subjects were run to exhaustion and then cool down while walking on the treadmill. The gases analyzed were oxygen (O2) and Carbon dioxide (CO2). To calculate the rate of O2 utilization (VO2), in addition to the fractional concentration of the

Discovery learning and math teaching

Discovery learning and math teaching Castronova, J. (2002). Discovery Learning for the 21st Century: What is it and How Does it Compare to Traditional Learning in Effectiveness in the 21st Century? Action Research Exchange 1 (1). The researchers in this article developed a technology tool of discovery learning which called web quest. They defined discovery learning as the technique to learn and can be assistance by teaching process. Also, try to discover the efficiency of a technology depended on discovery learning. Researchers agree that the effective learning should be active more than passive, learning procedures, and how failure and feedback both are very important. And the last one was the depth of understanding. The researchers show that to theories which they depend it of discovery learning such as John Dewey, Jean Piaget and Levvygot sky and the teacher center of attention on students refection and he answered the student questions but as indirect way and students will not be learn if they didnt make mistakes, so they have to make these mistakes to learn very well. Additionally, researchers indicated the basic architectures, which found in discovery learning 1) case based learning, 2) incidental learning 3) learning by exploring 4) learning by reflection and simulation based learning. Moreover, this article covers the main 4 idea of focus 1) motivation 2) relation 3) achievement, 4) transference. A-Web Quest is a educational tool of an inquiring oriented activity that uses recourses from internet to complete and finish their projects. I think this resource is a valuable, reliable, and its very important because it shows that a Web Quest is a good tool for teachers and useful for integrating the technology in classroom. Rieber, L.P. (2009). Supporting Discovery-Based Learning within Simulations. Cognitive Effects of Multimedia Learning. (pp 218-228). IGI Global:USA This study describes the visualization in education simulations and this article covers how are using different simulation representations and creative designs to the simulations interface. Furthermore, researchers showed that the theoretical carry for visualization in learning for example dual coding theory and mental models. Additionally, to integrate and combine discovery learning technology and design of simulations needing to teach the teachers to support the computer based simulations. The teaching of mathematics lessons will be more interactive and effective if these simulations applied very well and in the correct ways in the classrooms. For what I read, I found that, the positive effects of discovery learning on students achievement happen if the simulations are attractive. This article good and emphasizes to the teachers how they can design computer based simulations lessons. Zakaria,E., Nordin, N. M.(2008). The Effects of Mathematics Anxiety on Matriculation Students as Related to Motivation and Achievement Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science Technology Education, 4(1), 27-30. Retrieved from http://www.iwm-kmrc.de/workshops/visualization/rieber.pdf One of the aims of matriculation education was to develop students knowledge competency and interest in the subject area (Nordin Zakaria) 2007. The authors in this study try to investigate if there was a statistical difference between matriculation students motivation and achievement when they were can classified depending to math anxiety levels and if the discovery learning has effective in learning progress. The researchers applies this study on (73 females and 15 male) students, they selected by volunteer and they know it is will not affect in their grades during the semester. About the results if this study was emphasized that there was a relationship between anxiety and achievement. Thats mean if mathematics anxiety scores increase then the achievement scores decrease and vice versa.. In addition, there are teaching procedures, which decrease mathematics anxiety suggested by Woodard (2004) (1) Create an environment in which students do not feel helpless and allow them to relax and rest. (2) Use cooperative grouping in the class room. It helps students to understand that others have the same problems as they do. (3) Teach at a slow pace. It can help students better comprehend the material during taught. (4) provide extra teaching sessions so that they are not left behind academically. Therefore, I believe that the teachers should try to think that how they could get less anxiety on the students by preparing a good environment in their class and try to find the best ways for teaching mathematics. Duggan, M., Husman, J. (2007). Online Mathematics Achievement: Effects of Learning Strategies and Self-Efficacy Zeitschrift fà ¼r Pà ¤dagogische Psychologie, 4(1), 27-30. This Research showed that the increased independence of an online or web-based learning environment may support students motivation for learning and enhancing the discovery learning in learning. The purpose of our article was to investigate students learning strategies and motivation in the framework of an online developmental mathematics course. Moreover, the cores of this study to help teachers and be more efficient and be more convenience with this strategy. The researchers applied the experiment 511 students with 89 participants completed all the surveys they answered all the questions. There are limitations and margins of this study one of them was the number of the sample with 89 students cannot generalizing the results. The second one was the timing of the survey time problem, which collected the data at the end of semester. According to this article I believe that a good web-based learning environment will be more effect thats what the results indicated in this article, on the other hand this research is valuable and currency. Matsuda, T. (2008). Using instructional activities game to promote mathematics teachers innovative instruction US-China Education Review, 5(3), 24-30. ISSN1548-6613 The author completed a study which improves teachers professional competence and he indicated that the curriculum or the instructional method should be changed and it is difficult to change the curriculum so he chooses the instructional method. The change on the instructional method should be based on three types of scientific resources approach for solving problems in daily life. First approach uses experiments and observations, the second approach uses mathematical concepts and procedures and the last approach is computer based approach, which is easy to understand and utilize than other approaches. (Matsuda, 2008) However, the purpose of this study to develop a training system to improve teachers professional proficiency through the design of lessons and created which will develop students ability to solve problem sloving questions using ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in (Matsuda, 2008) So, this a case study which the researcher use the model and concluding a meaningful graphs and tables which show what researchers indicated. This article also, was written very well with many references that help us as teachers to be professional development.

Feminist Criticism Essay -- Feminism Female Essays

Feminist Criticism Contemporary feminist criticism focuses on various specified topics such as women’s biographical writings, lesbian and literature, and the role of film and the media in portraying feminine gender. It is no longer easily separated into categorical goals by nationalities or land boundaries. Instead, feminist criticism is now characterized according to whether the category of "woman" is the major focus, or whether gender identity is defined by sexual and other identities as well. These other differences include, but are not limited to, cultural identities as a woman, lesbian writings, sexual preference, and religious differences. Most feminist critics today stress the fact that while all women are female, they are much more than that. Each woman’s goals and problems make them who they are by creating a unique identity. The understanding of woman not as a single group has led modern feminist critics to advocate personal and autobiographical criticism. It has also fostered contemporary gender criticism. Gender critics explore different categories of gender and sexuality. Gender criticism does not only focus on women’s gender and sexuality, but also includes male gender issues. Gender criticism began solely as feminist criticism, and now the two are still overlapped. Elaine Tuttle Hansen has applied feminist criticism in her analysis of "The Miller’s Tale" in a segment of the chapter "Women as the Same" from the book Chaucer and the Fictions of Gender. While earlier critics have focused on the humorous side of what they consider an innocent prank, Hansen focuses on Alisoun’s escape from punishment. At the same time she recognizes that it was only by accident that Nicholas intervened to receive the punish... ...astly, I found reference to Alisoun being objectified as something only to look at in two separate, yet closely related examples. First, in lines 3247-3248 of her portrait, the Miller states that "She was ful more blisful on to see / Than is the newe pere-jonntte tree." Secondly, Absolon refers to Alisoun’s objectification by stating "to loke on hir him thoughte a merye lyf" (3344). Valued objects are often set away from "normal" areas to look upon for enjoyment purposes. And happiness is sometimes thought to be achieved through viewing a thing of beauty; this is how these men viewed Alisoun. In conclusion, it is clear to see through these examples how Chaucer used animal characteristics to objectify Alisoun. Furthermore, I feel that Hansen’s views on "The Miller’s Tale" were correct and justified. Overall, I feel that the views expressed by Hansen are enlightening.

Music in the Late 90s and 2000s

Compare and Contrast Music in the Late 90s and 2000s As all of us know, music is the universal language. It is the art of expressing and interpreting an opinion or expression through the creation of sound; and it certainly has histories of many centuries and periods since the existence of human. The question is- would you consider music as a necessity in your daily life? Well, I would easily agree to it; with more quotes popping up recently that are related to music, such as, ‘No Music, No Life’, and ‘Music is the Essence of Life’.These quotes never fail to prove how strongly music influences in all our daily lives. However, music is created very uniquely and differently in every century and here we are now, to compare and contrast between music in the late 90s and in the late 2000s, in terms of the style, the presentation, and the genres. From J. S. Bach, to W. A. Mozart, to Ludwig Van Beethoven, to Claude Debussy, to Scott Joplin, to Miles Davis, to The Be atles, and then to the current Justin Bieber; these people are to be said as the ‘icon’ of their century.Each of them showed progression of music along the century; portraying individualistic in music of the century. As for music in the late 90s and 2000s, contrasts in their musical style and elements have been clearly shown through their music. Judging by the music in the late 90s music, musical instruments used seemed to be more original in the sense of its sound and timbre produced compared to the more technology infused music in the 2000s.This creates a huge contrast in both musical style as the sources of the sound produced is very much differ from each other. Besides that, the song lyric in the late 90s music can be judged as more meaningful compared to the 2000s- more insightful lyrics were incorporated in the 90s with more decent vocabulary compared to the more trendy lyrics style in 2000s with more foulness and wildness usage of vocabulary in expressing a music .This clearly shows the influences of generation in the past and in the present that indirectly influence their musical style in music of the century. Next, how do we audience perceive a kind of music? This is a general question with a general answer; which is presentation of the music itself. A presentation of the music is affected mainly by its outlook- recording. In the 90s, the quality of the music recording seemed to be not as excellent as the ones in 2000s; due to the progression of technology at that period.However, music in the late 90s provides and instills good vibes and awareness of quality music into the society with its positively contented music compared to music in the 2000s which concentrated more on catchy and trendy music videos for publication to attract more audiences while neglecting the education of music towards the society’s mind- videos are recorded with more sexual and violent actions incorporated are indeed deluding and corrupting the generation of the century.This shows how a presentation of a music recording affects the perception of the audiences towards the music in the late 90s and the 2000s. Last but not least, technology does play a critical role in music. Evidence could be seen with the increment of music genre that is well equipped with technology influences, especially through the music progress from the 90s to the 2000s.In the 90s, the music produced are played with more authentic musical instruments, such as piano/keyboard, drums, guitars, and etc; while in the 2000s, the music are more technology based with frequent usage of synthesizer which is capable of switching to many types of instruments’ sounds and even have a function to play the drum beats in the background while you play the synthesizer, thus replacing the role of few musical instruments.The dominance of contrast between music in the 90s and the 2000s is clearly seen with the genre of music the century focused on, which is pop/rap/rock music in t he 90s and trance/techno/rock metal music in 2000s which obviously prove the influences of technology in music of 2000s. Music is deeply engaged in our daily lives without any doubts, whether we are in the 90s or the 2000s.There is no ‘better’ music through comparison of music from different era. It is purely based on one’s preferences and understanding towards it. Music from the late 90s and the 2000s has strongly showed the musical style of their own with the contrasts found in their music, as stated above. Let us just embrace and appreciate music as it is instead of holding grudges towards them! Reference http://www. thepeoplehistory. com/90smusic. html

Quebec and Canada

Quebec and Canada Free Online Research Papers Ever since the thought of separation from Canada began to form within Quebec, a physical and political tug-o-war has formed between them and the federal government. Fueled by the desire to be seen as a separate nation with their own culture and language, Quebec’s role in contemporary Canada has been that of an inconsistent partner suffering from self conflict and insecurity. Although they still remain a part of Canada, a part of Quebec’s population was willing to fight and resort to terrorism for their independence and still continues to fight for it today. Over the years Quebec has had its share of powerful leaders as well as a few that lacked the needed intensity to make a difference. Maurice Duplessis was one of the province’s most controversial premiers, but also the longest-serving and one of the greatest. He encouraged the French-speaking citizens of Quebec to be proud and embrace their differences from the rest of the country, spreading a feeling of nationalism. But although there were positive changes, Duplessis also pushed the province into what is known as the Great Darkness with corruption, vote fixing, and limited civil rights. The best example of this is the Act Respecting Communistic Propaganda, also known as the Padlock Law. Being a conservative, Duplessis was strongly anti-communist. The new law declared that people practicing communism were a threat to Quebec society and gave the authorities the right to enter any building in search of communist material. The law, however, did not define what was meant by Ã¢â‚¬Ë œcommunist,’ leaving authorities to decide for themselves . Anybody found with this material was forced to appear in court to plead his or her case. In Duplessis’ attempt to silence any political opposition, the law also made it illegal to read certain material and have certain thoughts, overstepping the boundaries of the government and violating the civil rights of the people of Quebec. Under his rule, Quebec seemed destined to fall. After Duplessis died in office in 1959, he was replaced by Paul Sauvà © who also died suddenly shortly after taking control. A provincial election was called, and with the election of Jean Lesage and the provincial Liberal party in 1960 the Quiet Revolution began. Lesage and the Liberals promised to bring an end to the corruption and patronage that had marked the previous government of Maurice Duplessis . Within a year major social, political and economical changes were already beginning. The government, formerly conservative and corrupt to the core, eventually became one of the more left-leaning and progressive in Canada. It also took over health care and education, placing them under provincial control as opposed to the Roman Catholic Church. It was known as the Quiet Revolution because all of the sudden changes had come without any violence. During this time, the population became so unified that some began to believe that Quebec should separate from the rest of the country. The Quiet Revolution came to an end in 1970 with the occurrence of the October Crisis, which involved the kidnapping of two important officials by the Front de Libà ©ration du Quà ©bec, known as the FLQ. They were an underground separatist group of Quebec citizens that emerged during the 1960s with a declaration calling for the overthrow of the Quebec government, the independence of Quebec from Canada, and a worker’s society. They saw that the federal government was never going to acknowledge Quebec’s concerns and special needs to retain their culture, so they used to force to get attention. The FLQ are seen as the first terrorism group in Canada and were involved in over 95 bombings that killed 7 people in Quebec. While mailboxes were common targets, the largest single bombing was of the Montreal Stock Exchange on February 13, 1969. It caused extensive damage and injured 27 people. Other targets included City Hall, RCMP recruitment offices, railroad tracks and army i nstallations. Their acts became far more serious in 1970 however. On October 5 the FLQ kidnapped British Trade Commissioner James Richard Cross and released a list of demands in order for his safe return. 5 days later, when the demands are not met, they kidnap Pierre Laporte, the Quebec Minister of Immigration. In response to the second kidnapping, The Prime Minister of Canada, Pierre Trudeau, invoked the War Measures Act stating that authorities had the power to arrest anyone suspected of being aligned with the FLQ. One member sent to prison, Pierre Vallià ¨res, wrote a book entitled White Niggers of America in which he wrote, â€Å"Let us burn the papier-mache traditions with which they have tried to build a myth around our slavery So in hindsight, the threat to the government of Quebec was limited. The majority of suspected FLQ members arrested were released without charge. The events and consequences of the October Crisis sparked a loss of support for the violent means for Quebec independence that had been going on for years, and increased the support for the political party. Although it did solve the problem at hand, a lot of controversy still surrounds whether or not it was necessary for Trudeau to send troops into Quebec. Some believe that he was using the threat posed by the FLQ as an excuse to intimidate the rest of the separatists in the province. As Prime Minister he hoped to attach the province more firmly to Canada and fight the rising threat of separation by also providing a strong voice for Quebec in the federal government. Trudeau believed that by giving French-speaking and English-speaking Canadians the same opportunities that the citizens of Quebec would be satisfied and feel more connected to their country. The Liberal party passed the Official Languages Act in 1969 to give both languages equal status and make Canada a bilingual country. Although the purpose of the act was to make Quebec less isolated, the English-speaking Canadians believed that French-speaking Canadians were getting special treatment in Ottawa. Although the act made French a national language, Quebec still wanted more special rights and continued to make things difficult for the government. Although the country was now required to teach French in schools to meet the requirements of a bilingual county, Quebec declared that it would only have French, thus broadening the line between themselves and the other provinces and frustrating them along the way. Separatism is still an issue in Canada, though its supporters have thankfully turned away from violence to pursue a more political path. It is clear that Quebec does not fit in with the other provinces, but it is a part of the multicultural atmosphere that Canada is known for and should remain so. Despite the best efforts of French politicians and the FLQ, who were certainly successful in drawing attention to their cause, Quebec is where it belongs. Research Papers on Quebec and CanadaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBringing Democracy to AfricaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital Punishment

Tailoring Your Strategy To Fit The Cult Essays

Tailoring Your Strategy To Fit The Cult Essays Tailoring Your Strategy To Fit The Cult Essay Tailoring Your Strategy To Fit The Cult Essay In this article, I will discuss three aspects of global strategy: the companys mission, villous and Identity, brand strategies, and ammunitions. Drawing upon Egger Hypotheses dimensions of national culture (see Five Cultural Dimensions) and my own extensive research and consultancy work, I will consider ten convergence Ana Leverage AT consumer behavior across countries, in order to help managers better understand the relationship between culture and strategy. Recognizing the differences will lead to increased efficiency in a companys global marketing effort and will ultimately condition the success of any multinational enterprise. Mission, Vision Corporate Identity A crucial element in the strategic planning of any organization starts with its mission statement, an explicit formulation of what a company stands for, and linked to this, a vision statement indicating where the company wants to be in the future, sometimes expressed as its strategic intent. Mission and vision should give focus to everyone who is involved with the company, be it directly (employees) or indirectly (shareholders). This document is authorized for use only by Nail Wises at until May 2014. Canons corporate philosophy of kisses. Apart from the collectivist values such statements express, they also indicate a high degree of power distance, as in the case of Toyota, whose mission is headed: Message from Top Management. Also, contrast Microsofts mission, To help people and business throughout the world to realize their full potential, with Philips to Improve the quality of peoples lives through timely introduction of meaningful innovations. The former reflects the Anglo-Saxon value of self-actualization, while the latter reflects the quality-of-life preferences ore in keeping with the Dutch character. In all these cases, it is vital that a company review its mission statement in light of its own cultural Dallas. A companys blew AT Itself ultimately rennets ten values AT Its leaders and if these values are not shared across cultures, then stakeholders elsewhere may have difficulties identifying with the company. A truly global company would include values that are shared by more cultures than Just its own. Based on its mission and vision, a company then distills its corporate identity, which also reveals its core values. Usually the task of creating a corporate identity begins with the election of an appropriate corporate name. Other factors that contribute to corporate identity include the logo of the organization and marketing communications. All this, including language, lettering and associations, is logically a reflection of the home country of the organization. The British communications consultant Nicholas Mind has defined corporate identity as an organizations identity in its sense of self, much like our own individual sense of identity. Consequently, it is unique. If we consider this definition carefully, we see that it is, in fact, a culturally bound concept. First, the quality of uniqueness resonates primarily with individualistic cultures. Furthermore, the insistence by many organizations that there be worldwide consistency of all the elements of corporate ID, so that the company is perceived universally, again derives from Western notions. In reality, corporate identity translates differently in different parts of the world. Sticking to uniqueness and consistency in corporate identity can be counterproductive, YOU Although the concept of the mission and vision are Western inventions, the practice has been universally embraced by companies worldwide. Providing a statement that expresses a companys strategic intent, its philosophy, values, ethics or operational effectiveness has become standard global management practice. Yet closer analysis of such statements reveals telling differences in content and form across the world.

Data generationQualitive Methods (inclusive education) Essay

Data generationQualitive Methods (inclusive education) - Essay Example Running business is not only keeping organization's website on Internet and driving it simply; It has a full modus operandi that shows the business to consumer; compel them to make business to that organization, upgrading the site as required, etc. Compelling and attracting business is now a day is not a difficult job when people sitting at home can visit the outlet and view the new arriving products. All what attractive for the customer is the layout of the website they are viewing. In the era of Internet technology, many business websites are developed at an expense. People consults the software engineers and spends thousands of money to develop one upon one latest websites and put in the best attractive text. But now as technology is advancing day-by-day and letting people stay in comfort these all development is getting more progressing. Few days back, database designing is extreme difficult; but now software engineers provided number of templates to use them. Similarly, websites like www.godaddy.com, www.webspawner.com, www.homestead.com, etc. allows the businessman to create their own websites in few minutes by answering few questions and selecting few things in fewer amounts. Though creation of website left no difficult now a days. On other hand, part of business software are also available on compact discs and can be mould with respect to the business requirements by few selections and answering few questions. The engineers can only prepare Different big organizational software that controls and manages all sections and departments of business but are much costly. Though usage of software are easy to go with for the public. Difficulties for software engineers and though grows up as business man just know what they are doing manually and want in the software or website. But Software engineers know hoe to do the things. They go and analyze the structure by themselves ask number of questions but get the answers of less than fifty percent of them. This analyzing is then move forward for the process of development. The nice structure and outlook of the software is required for later upgrading or maintenance and though the developers design them efficiently. Few years back, making the front end can only be possible by writing codes for each and every agent of the graphical interface. But today numbers of Integrated Development Environment (IDE) are being established. IDEs like Netbeans, Jbuilder, Eclipse, etc. all supports the designing of the front-end interfaces by dragging the components through mouse and placing them in appropriate place. All the component related coding for its look and feel as well as i t's handling of different events are generated automatically. This helps the designer to just code the business logic and makes the development of years in few days. The process forwards to the Quality Assurance people where they test the software. For testing a lot data is required to verify different operations and a data entry person, the developers or the quality assurance engineers themselves do this manually. As Information Technology is opening the way to step forward in every field, similarly it's opening a way to data generation. Data that can be generated itself in database tables so that it can be easy and helpful for the developers and engineers to test the software on its way of development. All through the life cycle of software, Data generation is done on any

Repositioning Desktop Personal Computers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Repositioning Desktop Personal Computers - Essay Example Desktop are more stable computing system (people can use it continuously for twenty four hours without perturbing stability of the system, processing speed and resolution is better than laptops) with respect to laptops and tablets. Companies use desktop as a working tool for employees. Desktop has seen a sudden fall in sales during 2000’s. Sales of personal computer in USA has touched nadir in the last quarter of 2011. Apple has revolutionized the concept of computing system by introducing iPad tablets. Buying behavior of the consumer has changed within last few years. Now they want to purchase on the go computing systems (easy to carry, light weight, systems with up to date applications). Laptops, smart phones and tablets are direct competitors of desktop. Students prefer to carry computer system with them to colleges or schools but they can not carry desktops. Bulky framework of desktop creates problems like lack of flexibility in carrying, lot of power consumption and lot o f space consumption. All these problems are absent in laptops, smart phones and tablets and for this reason young generation prefer them to use over traditional desktops. Repositioning of Desktop Desktop was a popular computing solution among consumers during early 2000’s. Repositioning for a particular brand can be done in nine ways. 1- Companies can increase the relevance of the product among customers, 2- They can increase occasions for use of the product and also need to increase benefits associated with the product, 3- Organization needs to create positioning massage of the product, 4- They need to make the brand more relevant with respect to demand of the customers, 5- The brand should be able to sale itself, 6- The brand should attract new customers, 7- Repositioning technique should make the brand contemporary by adding new features, 8- The brand should be able to differentiate from other competitors, 9- Repositioning should be able to counterbalance changing marketin g equilibrium by using unique selling proposition (Beri, 2007, p.473). Desktop computers need to use expectancy value model to formulate repositioning strategy. In expectancy value model emphasizes on attributes of product. According to this model, buyers assign value point on various attributes of a product and then summarize total points assigned on attributes. They purchase the product has larger sum of value points (FitzGerald, & Arnott, 2000, p.107). Desktop computers need to do real reposition to capture target market. Technical up gradation and addition of new application is required to create real reposition for the product. Companies need to change the design of desktop to attract new customers (Kotler, Haider, & Rein, 2002, p.55). According to the 2010 US Census, 63% of households with income of less than $50,000 have personal computers (desktop and/or laptops); 91% of the households having income of $50,000-$99,999; 96% of households with $100,000-$149,999; 97% of the hou seholds with income of $150,000 and more own personal computers; and, 68% of the households with income not reported have computers. Having children is also a factor to getting personal computers by households. In the same US Census, 84.1% of the households with children 6-17 years old have PCs; 79.3% of households with children not within the 6-17 range own home computers; and, 70.9% of the households